The Acquisitions and the Suspend of Century Bank

The Accuisition
Bank of Indonesia temporary cancel the acquisition of Century Bank by Sinar mas Multiartha. But Sinar Mas stil process the acquisition plan and now in due dilligence process.PT Century Mega Investindo and First Gulf Asia Holdings Ltd as share holder of PT Bank Century Tbk and Sinar Mas have signed the Letter of Intent (LoI) for accuisiting 70% of share Bank Century share.

The Suspend
Day before, Bank Century was having problems in settling its clearing payments due to a technical problem. Because of that, The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) suspended the trade in Bank Century Thursday, pending clarification from the bank over the question that it could not provide Rp 5 billion to the central bank clearing house.

Century Bank history
Bank Century was formed from a merger between Bank CIC, Bank Pikko and Bank Danpac in late 2004.

Meaning of Suspend(Suspended of Trading)
A stoppage in the trading of a security for an extended period of time that normally occurs when there is a lack of material financial information on the security. Once the security is suspended, shares of that security cannot be traded on the market until the suspension is lifted or lapses. The exact amount of time for the suspension will be determined on on a case-by-case basis.

Meaning of Acquisition
A corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of the target company's ownership stakes in order to assume control of the target firm. Acquisitions are often made as part of a company's growth strategy whereby it is more beneficial to take over an existing firm's operations and niche compared to expanding on its own. Acquisitions are often paid in cash, the acquiring company's stock or a combination of both.


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Repurchase Agreement

From the Jakarta Post:

Bakrie & Brothers also announced it had defaulted Rp 134.9 billion to Recapital Securities and Rp 10 billion to PT Aldira as a result of the repo financing scheme. The firm had put up shares in Bumi and PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations for these two deals.

What is REPO?
A repurchase agreement (or repo) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party sells the other a security at a specified price with a commitment to buy the security back at a later date for another specified price. Most repos are overnight transactions, with the sale taking place one day and being reversed the next day. Long-term repos—called term repos—can extend for a month or more. Usually, repos are for a fixed period of time, but open-ended deals are also possible. Reverse repo is a term used to describe the opposite side of a repo transaction. The party who sells and later repurchases a security is said to perform a repo. The other party—who purchases and later resells the security—is said to perform a reverse repo.

While a repo is legally the sale and subsequent repurchase of a security, its economic effect is that of a secured loan. Economically, the party purchasing the security makes funds available to the seller and holds the security as collateral. If the repoed security pays a dividend, coupon or partial redemptions during the repo, this is returned to the original owner. The difference between the sale and repurchase prices paid for the security represent interest on the loan. Indeed, repos are quoted as interest rates.

Securities dealers use repos to finance their securities inventories. They repo their inventories, rolling the repos from one day to the next. Counterparties may be institutions, such as money market funds, who have short-term funds to invest, or they may be parties who wish to briefly obtain use of a particular security. For example, a party may want to sell the security short, or they may need to deliver the security to settle a trade with another party. Accordingly, there are two possible motives for entering into a reverse repo: short-term investment of funds, or to obtain temporary use of a particular security.

In the latter case, the security is called a special security. In the former case, it is called general collateral or GC.

Interest rates payable on special repos tend to be lower than those payable on GC repos. This is because a party reverse repoing a special security will accept a reduced interest rate on its funds in exchange for receiving the special security it requires. Economically, the transaction is no different from cash collateralized securities lending. Pricing of either type of deal depends upon demand for the desired security.

Because repos are essentially secured loans, their interest rates do not depend upon the respective counterparties' credit qualities. For GC repos, the same rates apply for all counterparties. Accordingly, GC repo rates—or simply repo rates—are benchmark short-term interest rates that are widely quoted in the marketplace. They differ from Libor rates in that they are for secured loans whereas Libor rates are for unsecured loans.

More about Repo:




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Barack Obama Economic Strategy

Barack Obama will provide a tax cut for working families:
Obama and Biden will restore fairness to the tax code and provide 95 percent of working Americans the tax relief they need. They will create a new "Making Work Pay" tax credit of up to $500 per person, or $1,000 per working family.

Provide tax relief for small businesses and startups:
Obama and Biden will eliminate all capital gains taxes on startup and small businesses to encourage innovation and job creation.

Fight for fair trade:
Obama and Biden will fight for a trade policy that opens up foreign markets to support good American jobs. They will use trade agreements to spread good labor and environmental standards around the world.

Buy Barack Obama 2009 Calendar

Pre-Order Barack Obama Unreleased Book

Product Description
Barack Obama's path from Hawaii to Indonesia to the White House represents one of the most unlikely and fascinating journeys in U.S. political history. With this special publication that is sure to become an instant collector's item, "Time" will mark Obama's rise with an illustrated 96-page book. "Time Obama" will contain original "Time" magazine reporting and analysis from the magazine's political experts. The book will showcase the unrivalled, intimate behind-the-scenes photography of campaign photographer Callie Shell, who has been visually documenting Obama's journey since he began his run for President. And it will provide readers with a colourful and concise account of how Obama rose to power - from his early days to his Chicago years to the moment when he became a political phenomenon.

Book Description
Barack Obama’s path from Hawaii to Indonesia to the White House represents one of the most unlikely and fascinating journeys in U.S. political history. With this special publication that is sure to become an instant collector’s item, TIME will mark Obama’s rise with an illustrated 96-page book. TIME Obama will contain original TIME magazine reporting and analysis from the magazine’s political experts. The book will showcase the unrivaled, intimate behind-the-scenes photography of campaign photographer Callie Shell, who has been visually documenting Obama’s journey since he began his run for President. And it will provide readers with a colorful and concise account of how Obama rose to power — from his early days to his Chicago years to the moment when he became a political phenomenon.

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Dilbert: The Business Comic

Businessman familiar with Dilbert. Dilbert (first published April 16, 1989) is an American comic strip written and drawn by Scott Adams. Dilbert is known for its satirical office humor about a white-collar, micromanaged office featuring the engineer Dilbert as the title character. The strip has spawned several books, an animated television series, a computer game, and hundreds of Dilbert-themed merchandise items. Adams has also received the National Cartoonist Society Reuben Award and Newspaper Comic Strip Award in 1997 for his work on the strip. Dilbert appears in 2000 newspapers worldwide in 65 countries and 25 languages.


Love Dilbert? Buy the calendar here:


And the games:

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Review: You're Broke Because You Want to Be: How to Stop Getting By and Start Getting Ahead

You're Broke Because You Want to Be: How to Stop Getting By and Start Getting Ahead

If this describes you, you are not alone. Over 40% of families are feeling the pressure, spending more than they earn, and risking retiring financially dependent on the government, family, or charity. Larry Winget knows—he’s been where you are now. He grew up poor, then made and lost a fortune when a business in which he’d invested went bankrupt. But he worked his way back from rock-bottom to become a multi- millionaire.

Now he gets paid to help people in financial crisis on A&E’s reality series, Big Spender. On the show, he coaches people who have jobs, maybe even high-paying jobs, but are nevertheless in debt or living hand-to-mouth. His blunt take on their situations? They’re broke because they want to be. They all say they want stability, savings, and financial freedom, but their actions too often contradict their words. Larry helps them to see the contradiction, get back on track, and out of debt, step-by-step. He can help you, too.

Whether your aim is to get out of debt, save for a house, or simply stop kidding yourself when it comes to savings (for retirement, for your kids’ college, whatever your goal) this book encourages you, through easy-to-complete worksheets and Larry’s bullying yet wise counsel, to make it happen. Larry’s motivating message: If you want to be rich, you can. But first, you have to stop being broke, and start getting ahead. And he’ll walk you through not only the necessary attitude adjustment, but the practical choices and actions that will get you there.

Get the book here:


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Review: Greed and Glory on Wall Street: The Fall of the House of Lehman

Review: Greed and Glory on Wall Street: The Fall of the House of Lehman

Editorial Reviews
From Publishers Weekly
Based on probing research, this modern morality tale is an expansion of a 1984 New York Times Magazine article on the ruinous behind-the-scenes struggle between two top officers of the 134-year-old private investment banking firm Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb. Auletta (The Art of Corporate Success, etc.) recounts in detail the takeover of the traditional and specialized but dissent-ridden and undercapitalized Wall Street company by an outside trader, the recently formed global giant Shearson/American Express. The new conglomerates that emerge from such moves, Auletta maintains, emphasize transactual, service business rather than advisory functions, and short-term gains at the expense of long-range growth plans. Wall Street, he claims, is well on its way to being dominated by a few superpowers that combine all financial services under one roof. Photos not seen by PW. Major ad/promo; Fortune Book Club selection; BOMC alternate; author tour. January
Copyright 1985 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal
Auletta chronicles the activity at Lehman Brothers during the months between July 1983 and April 1984, immediately preceding the firm's takeover by Shearson/American Express. During that brief period, Auletta reveals, Wall Street's oldest investment banking partnership was simultaneously buffetted by the ambition and greed of one faction and by the complacency and misplaced self-assurance of another group of partners. Details shared after the fact with Auletta by many of the participants make clear, often with self-serving insight, that blame for the takeover could well be shared by more than just the two principal players. This tension born of petty human motives is all the more striking when set against the sophisticated investment banking environment. Most business collections will want this title. Joseph Barth, U.S. Military Acad. Lib., West Point, N.Y.

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Bank Loan Funds: Investing Beyond T-Bills

Some risk-averse investors may want a majority of their wealth in non-equity holdings such as Treasury bills, certificates of deposit, and corporate bonds. But returns from these can be anemic. An alternative is an asset class known as bank loans or senior loans.

Bank loans are a multi-class hybrid asset. They are the short-term equivalent of high-yield bonds but with important differences such as shorter maturities, much lower default rates, and variable interest-rate features. Investors generally get
into this asset through a growing number of bank loan funds. The funds have never lost money in any given year, while averaging 2 percent more than T-bills.

Using standard Markowitz portfolio theory, this article studies the return/risk impact of allocating bank loan funds into a predominately bond portfolio. The study assumes an investor initially invested 100 percent in T-bills, with bank loan funds and other assets added to the mix for return requirements ranging from 5 to 10 percent (for years 1990–2005). As return requirements rise, bank loan allocations rise, and standard deviations fall, until allocations begin falling significantly above 8 percent return requirements, giving way to equities.

Bank loan funds should be the first asset class to consider when desiring to increase returns above standard T-bill rates. Otherwise, higher allocations must be given to high-yield bonds in order to attain relevant return levels. A study of future returns reconfirms the ability of bank loans to deliver returns more than commensurate with their risk.

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Avoid the risk! Don’t lose your hard-earned cash

By Jean Chatzky

For years, I've been preaching the mantra that boring is better when it comes to your investments. In fact, if you've been reading this column for any length of time, you know that my strategy is to come up with an asset allocation that you can live with and then dollar-cost average into the market on a regular, automatic basis.

Given the state of today's market, you might be thinking that I've changed my tune. But, in fact, this economy has only served to validate my position. If — at the onset — you can't commit to staying in the market despite its ups and downs, you're treading dangerous waters, particularly if you're not an experienced investor. You run the risk of overthinking the situation and making investment decisions that not only aren't rational, but are emotional as well. In other words, you run the risk of losing your hard-earned money. That's why now — more than ever — you need to dial in to your patient side.

Set it and forget it
When I saw "The Gone Fishin' Portfolio," a new book by Alexander Green, I knew I had to talk to him. He's been getting a lot of press these days because the portfolio outlined in his book can be managed in just 20 minutes a year, a strategy that is right up my alley. How did he do it? The key is very careful asset allocation. Green selected a range of asset classes that move independently of each other, so even when part of the portfolio is down, another portion will likely be up. "I tried to put together a blend of assets that will all give a better return than inflation over time, but when mixed together, give you a higher degree of return with less risk," Green explains.

If you have faith in your asset allocation and you're properly diversified, you can rest easy that your portfolio will come out on top without a lot of tinkering on your part. If you're unsure, it's worth seeing a financial adviser for help. These days, there's even a group of advisers that charge by the hour.

Have a plan
It doesn't have to be hugely detailed, but at the very least, you need a few rules in place that govern your reaction to the market. "Most people don't; they invest emotionally," says Green. "But if you're going to have investment discipline, that means sticking with your plan in good times and in bad times. You have to realize that the market has ups and downs."

Here's the deal — if you can't sleep at night, you need to change your asset allocation because you're clearly taking more risk than you can tolerate. I'm not suggesting that you sweat it out to the detriment of your mental health, and neither is Green. But what I am suggesting is that you set your asset allocation to a level of risk you can handle, then decide how much your budget will allow you to save each month. Once you have a figure, whether it's $100 or $1,000, put it on autopilot and continue to invest that amount whether the market is up or down.

Recognize your goal
Ask yourself: Why are you in the market in the first place? For most people, the end goal is a comfortable retirement, and it simply can't be reached without taking a little risk. If you forgo investing and just save in a standard money market account, your money isn't going to keep up with inflation, meaning you'll actually lose money over time. Keeping up with inflation means ceding a little control. "No one likes uncertainty. As a general rule, it's frightening. But what people tend to overlook is that there really is no alternative. The markets are always uncertain," says Jason Zweig, author of "Your Money and Your Brain."

There are, of course, circumstances when a money market is the way to go. If you're saving for a short-term goal — think five years or less; like a down payment on a house or your children's education — you're better off keeping that cash out of the market right now. You don't want to run out of time before you can recover from a big loss.

Don’t forget the basics
Save early, save often is a line you probably hear a lot, and it's an important one. Risk and return aside, the amount you stash away plays a big part in the number you'll have when you hit retirement age. "I tell people that there are only six things that will determine the future value of a portfolio," says Green. "The amount of money you save, the length of time you let it compound, what your asset allocation is, the market's annual return, the expenses you absorb and the taxes you pay." Don't get so caught up in the market's waves that you overlook these important rules of thumb.

Control everything else
You have no say over the stock market. But you can control how you spend your money. You can choose to keep your credit card in your desk drawer at home when you go out. You can decide to put a little extra money away each month so you have an emergency fund at the ready. Having a grasp on the rest of your financial life will help you remain calm if (and when) the market takes another dip. Read More..

Credit Union: What and Why

From: Credit Info Center

Why do I Care About Credit Unions?
One of the most important part of rebuilding your credit is establishing new credit. An excellent source of easy credit is the credit union. They have more lenient credit guidelines on auto loans, credit cards and second mortgages. However, most people don't know which credit unions they are qualified to join. Here are some tips.

How to Find a Credit Union
The good news: If you want to be a member of a credit union, you probably can. The bad news: They rarely advertise, so if you want a credit union, you'll most likely have to do a little legwork on your own... but the rewards will likely be worth the effort!
A credit union is a cooperative financial institution, not-for-profit, owned and controlled by its members. A credit union's charter defines its "field of membership," which could be an employer, a geographic region, school, religious or professional affiliation, or community. Anyone working for an employer that sponsors a credit union, for example, is eligible to join that credit union.

Whether you choose to entrust your hard-earned money to a bank or a credit union, you will want to make sure that it is federally insured. Where a bank might sport the FDIC logo, in a credit union you want to look for the insignia of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). The National Credit Union Administration regulates federal credit unions and insures the vast majority of all credit unions in the United States. Its insurance fund guarantees deposits up to $100,000, just like a bank.

What are the Advantages of a Credit Union?
Becoming a member of a credit union is advantageous because credit unions are non-profit, and exist to provide members with a place to save money. Credit unions typically have lower costs associated with all of their products and services.

Credit unions were created to enable people to pool their financial resources to help themselves and each other, working together as a team to create solutions to meet their financial needs. When you compare credit union information to that of a traditional bank, you'll find lower interest rates when borrowing and higher percentage rates in savings as a credit union member.

Because they are not-for-profit institutions, credit unions offer better rates on credit cards, sometimes up to three percentage points lower than the average bank card rate. Typically, they are more forgiving regarding creditand may even allow people with past bankruptcies to qualify for unsecured cards. Credit unions are an especially good option for people who are building credit for the first time or trying to re-establish good credit, as they are typically smaller organizations which offer personalized service and are more willing to consider factors beyond the "black and white".

Financial education is available to all members. Credit unions assist members in becoming better-educated consumers of financial services.

Your credit union can put you in business with a small business loan. And some credit unions have established a relationship with the Small Business Administration (SBA) to expedite loans to credit-worthy small businesses.

Credit unions are governed through an unpaid, volunteer Board of Directors, democratically elected by the credit union membership.

Finding a Credit Union
Governmental regulatory agencies require that credit unions restrict their membership to defined segments of the population, such as people who live, work, worship, or attend school in a well-defined geographic area; employees of specific companies or trades; members of specific non-profit groups (alumni associations, conservation or other advocacy organizations, lodges, churches, or the like); or a particular occupational group (teachers, doctors, etc.)


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Inventory Management: How to Control your Inventory

by. Onvia

Inventory control involves keeping a good balance - you’ll need to get rid of the items that are obsolete or unwanted, and keep your in-demand items in stock. There are plenty of inventory management methods to make sure that you meet your clients’ needs, especially if you’re a small business.

Goals of Inventory Control
The idea behind inventory control is to find out the minimum annual cost possible related to ordering and stocking each of your items.

Inventory Control Methods that Work Well for Small Businesses

1. Visual Control –Eye ball your inventory to examine the need for additional inventory. Keep in mind that this inventory management method works best if you have a small business.
2. Tickler Control – Physically count your inventory every day.
3. Click Sheet Control – Record your inventory items on a sheet of paper for reordering purposes.
4. Stub Control – This inventory control method is used by retailers and allows a manager to record inventory by taking a portion of the price ticket when the item is sold.
5. For larger businesses, you will need a more technical and sophisticated form of inventory control. You’re more likely to rely on software and computers for your inventory control and accounting / billing procedures.
6. Inventory Management for Larger Companies Utilizing Computer-Based Systems
7. Point-of-sale terminals – After each inventory item is sold, the information is tracked and the manager receives regular inventory management report print outs for review.
8. Off-line point-of-sale – This inventory control method is much like the point-of-sale terminals, except that the information is tracked by the supplier. Based on the tracked information, the supplier will ship additional items when needed.
9. Outside Agency – This method takes a lot of responsibility off your shoulders. Instead of tracking/monitoring the inventory managment data yourself, a manufacturer’s representative can visit on a regular basis to track your stock count and write up any reorders. Merchandise that is out of date can also be removed or returned to a manufacturer (if applicable), following a predetermined, authorized procedure.
   

There are two major control values in place:
1) Order Quantity: frequency and size of orders
2) Minimum Stock Level: the reorder point at which replenishment is needed

You may be familiar with the Economic Order Quantity formula (EOQ). This formula is widely used to figure out the minimum annual cost of stocking and ordering each item. Taken into account with the EOQ is the annual sales rate, the cost of placing any orders, the unit cost, and the cost of carrying inventory.


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10 Top Accounting Software in Indonesia by Google Search

Depending on SEO of the website and popularity of the software in the internet world, here are 10 Top (most popular) Accounting Software in Indonesia.

1. Zahir Accounting
2. Accurate Accounting Software
3. MYOB
4. MyBiz
   
5. Abipro
6. Akurasi
7. SIMAK Accounting Software
8. Intelegentexpert
   
9. Quickbooks
10. Pearchtree

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What is Accounting software

Accounting software is application software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance. It functions as an accounting information system. It may be developed in-house by the company or organization using it, may be purchased from a third party, or may be a combination of a third-party application software package with local modifications. It varies greatly in its complexity and cost.

The market has been undergoing considerable consolidation since the mid 1990s, with many suppliers ceasing to trade or being bought by larger groups.

Accounting software is typically composed of various modules, different sections dealing with particular areas of accounting. Among the most common are:

Core Modules:
* Accounts receivable—where the company enters money received
* Accounts payable—where the company enters its bills and pays money it owes
* General ledger—the company's "books"
* Billing—where the company produces invoices to clients/customers
* Stock/Inventory—where the company keeps control of its inventory
* Purchase Order—where the company orders inventory
* Sales Order—where the company records customer orders for the supply of inventory

Non Core Modules:
* Debt Collection—where the company tracks attempts to collect overdue bills (sometimes part of accounts receivable)
* Electronic payment processing
* Expense—where employee business-related expenses are entered
* Inquiries—where the company looks up information on screen without any edits or additions
* Payroll—where the company tracks salary, wages, and related taxes
* Reports—where the company prints out data
* Timesheet—where professionals (such as attorneys and consultants) record time worked so that it can be billed to clients
* Purchase Requisition—where requests for purchase orders are made, approved and tracked

Implementation and Categories read form source (Wikipedia)

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10 credit card tips

By Jean Chatzky, "Today" Financial Editor

Rewards credit cards: Are they for you?
Whether it's cash back, airline miles or savings for college, reward credit cards have their appeal. After all, who doesn't want to get paid to shop? It's like free money. Unfortunately, reward cards are not for everybody:

Who should avoid reward cards?
If you tend to carry a balance from month to month, reward cards are not all they're cracked up to be. That's because reward cards tend to have higher rates than regular credit cards. The money you pay out in interest will essentially wipe out any of the rewards you earn.

Who should apply for reward cards?
If you pay off your balance each month, reward cards are worth considering.

What’s the difference between a credit card and debit card?
Debit cards and credit cards are not created equal. With a debit card, the money is automatically taken out of your account when you purchase something. In the case of a credit card, you pay at the end of the month. However, the biggest difference is in the legal protection that you have. Unlike with a credit card, you don't have the right to dispute a claim with a debit card. If, though, your debit card is stolen and items are charged to it, most companies will match the $50 credit-card loss limit. However, you may have to wait a while — since the money has already vacated your account, the bank may not be so quick to replace it.

A very expensive student loan?
Most college students have at least one credit card — and the popularity of multiple cards is on the rise. The good news is that the college card-users are fairly responsible with their plastic, but there are still horror stories of undergrads emerging from school with credit-card debt in the high five figures. How can you keep it from happening to your kids? Talk to them about how credit cards work. Chances are, the day they get to campus (if not shortly thereafter), they'll be bombarded by marketers trying to sign them up for a card. Here are a few items to make sure your child understands about credit cards.

* Interest rates: Many student cards now have rates around 15 to 20 percent, which is higher than standard cards. There are bargains out there, but they'll need to hunt around.
* Late fees and penalties: Paying your bill late (even just one time) can result in a much higher permanent interest rate, as well as a $25 to $35 fee.
* Cash advances: Unlike with purchases, the interest on cash advances generally is charged immediately, when the withdrawal is made. In addition, the interest rate may be even higher than that charged on regular purchases.

Consolidating credit-card debt?
One way to lower your credit-card rates is to consolidate your credit card debt into one big home equity loan or home equity line of credit. This can be a very cost-effective way to go. Not only are the rates on home equity products much lower than credit card rates, but they're tax deductible as long as your total mortgage debt doesn't exceed $1.1 million. So what's the difference?

* Home equity loan: A fixed-rate sum you borrow all at once.
* Home equity line of credit: A variable-rate loan that usually floats with the prime rate and you draw upon as needed.

One warning: The home equity approach can also be dangerous. Why? You're putting your home on the line. Default and you could lose it. The other big problem with consolidation is that many people clear the debt off their credit cards only to charge them right back up again. Don’t consolidate in this way if you have even the smallest doubt that a self-imposed moratorium on plastic will work for you.

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Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Signals New Bottom for Economy

by. By Kimberly Amadeo, About.com

This weekend, U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson finally said no to further Wall Street bailouts. As a result, Lehman Brothers investment bank filed for bankruptcy, Merrill Lynch sold itself to Bank of America, and AIG turned to the Federal Reserve for emergency funding.

Paulson said no to government protection for some of Lehman's $60 billion in uncertain mortgage assets in a weekend negotiation with potential buyers Barclay's and Bank of America. The two suitors walked out of government-sponsored talks yesterday.

Paulson was unwillling to let the government take on all risk in the financial markets, thereby letting banks off the hook for making bad decisions during the Subprime Mortgage Crisis. Paulson felt that the government bailout of Bear Stearns and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was enough. (Source: The Economist, Nightmare on Wall Street, September 15, 2008)

What It Means to You
As a result, U.S. Treasury bond yields fell further as investors fled to the relative safety of these Government-backed investments. (Bond yields fall when demand for the underlying bond rises, since the government can afford to pay less in interest on products that are in high demand.) Although fixed mortgage rates usually closely follow that of Treasury Bond yields, fear of further bad mortgages are keeping these rates high, which is not helping the housing market.

The Dow dropped nearly 350 points in morning trading. If financial banks' stock prices continue to fall over the next week or so, then it could causes a downward spiral as more banks find they cannot raise enough capital to stay in business. The next few weeks will tell whether this is, in fact, a market bottom or only the beginning of further financial collapse for U.S. financial industry.

However, one thing is certain - that the U.S. banking model is flawed. Banks in Europe, Latin America and Asia were not allowed to have as much exposure to CDO's and other banking derivative products, meaning they are not in as much danger of bankruptcy. The U.S. financial sector has lost its pre-eminence which will now further shift to financial centers in the rest of the world.

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Technology Issues Facing Corporate Management in the 1990s

Paul J. Dixon; Darwin A. John

The article discusses major issues raised by the authors and several senior information technology executives in large corporations that affect the way technology is introduced and used in major corporations.

These issues and drivers (primary causes of change) are likely to have the most significant impact on the management of information technology within corporations now and in the future. If these drivers are acknowledged as real (or validated by research as real), then the understanding of their impact on both corporate organization and technology managemen would very much benefit by research.

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Using Technology and Constituting Structures: A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations

author: Wanda J. Orlikowski

Abstract
As both technology and organizations undergo dramatic changes in form and function, organization researches are increasing turning to concepts of innovation, emergence, and improvisation to help explain the new ways of organizing and using technology evident in practice. With a similar intent, I propose an extension the structurational perspective on technology that develops a practice lens to examine how people, as they interact with a technology in their ongoing practices, enact strutures which shape theiur emergent and situated use of that technology. Viewing the use of technology as process of enactment enables a deeper understanding of the constitutive role of social pratices in the ongoing use and change of technologies in the workplace. After developing this lens, I offer an example of its use in research, and the suggest some implications for the study of technology in organizations.

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Programmed Instruction and Computer Technology

by. Zenon S. Zannetos
The Accounting Review, vol. 42, No. 3 (Jul., 1967), pp. 566-567

Much has been written of the desirable attributes of programmed instruction, among the advantages claimed most often, one can include the following:

1. Programmed instruction allows the slow student to proceed at his own pace without impeding the progress of those who can absord the material faster
2. The student, if provided with a programmed text, can resort to it for review at any time and refresh his memory of the material covered.
3. Programmed instruction provides a logical step by step approach to the subject matter and therefore enables the students to get a firmer grasp of the material covered and also retain it longer

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Market efficiency, long-term returns, and behaviora finance

author: Eugene F. Fama
Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Received 17 March 1997; received in revised form 3 October 1997

Abstract
Market efficiency survives the challenge from the literature on long-term return anomalies. Consistent with the market efficiency hypothesis that the anomalies are chance results, apparent overreaction to information is about as common as underreaction, and post-event continuation of pre-event abnormal returns is about as frequent as post-event reversal.Most important, consistent with the market efficiency prediction that apparent anomalies can be due tomethodology,most long-termreturn anomalies tend to disappear with reasonable changes in technique.

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This is your solution of Loan

Money problem always there. The biggest challeging is how to make our financial freedom. But of course to get in financial freedom we really want to build new business or expand or existing business. And if we have problem to financing our business plan how we solve that ? Or, how if we need to access cash quickly for emergencies?

Here you can think about making some Payday Loan. It is very quickly and easy process. You can get cash advance to allows you to avoid expensive overdraft fees, bounced checks, late payment charges and allows you to maintain a good credit rating. You can trust one name to loan money: Payday Loan Maxx. You can get $100 -$ 1500 loans within 24 hours so you can pay rent, fix car or pay late fees. Yes, you with Payday Loan Maxx you can get Guaranteed Payday Loan.

Why you should make loan to Payday Loan Maxx?

1. Fast. The process is about Minutes!
2. Easy. The process is Quick! You can apply online.
   
3. Guaranteed. 90% Of all People Are Approved!
4. Secure. Online but secure.
   

Payday Loan Maxx give you transaction by online system, sure it is secure and easy. With Payday Loan Maxx we can get extra cash and Extra Fast.

Go to website of Payday Loan Maxx and see the list where Payday Loan Maxx in your state. Check the website to get Alabama cash advance or Texas paydal loan. Read More..